Erstwhile :: essays research papers

     Confessions of an Erstwhile Child is a paper which investigations the idea of the family unit. From the start the creator clarifies the thoughts of Thomas More’s Utopia, however a while later limits his substance by going into clarifying his considerations on youngsters brought up in broken families. He cunningly shows the peruser part family model’s with current ones, permitting his crowd to settle on the choice for themselves. His tone is a coherent philosophical. The peruser is recounted his discouraging youth experiencing childhood in a useless family, and how it had a significant impact upon his life. The creator utilizes his very own understanding and information to communicate his conclusions on his subject, yet truly doesn’t utilize a lot of derivation to different cases or real proof to back up his contention. All and all, the writer composed an article which would end up being intriguing and efficient.      In this first passage, the creator fights with a familiar way of thinking that youngsters are the â€Å"property† of their folks for a specific measure of time in their lives. The creator develops upon the theme gradually by unveiling his concern with the possibility of kids as property, just to bring his own background into tally by clarifying his youthfulness with a useless family. By getting his own encounters, the creator is in some sense considered a power figure on the subject of a child’s existence with a useless family. He contrasts the idea of parental guardianship and apprenticeship, and he assembles everything by making a functional answer for the issue. His actual theory sentence is found in the last section where he says, â€Å"We have put unreasonably vigorously in the unproved â€Å"equity† called the family unit; that stock is going to crash and we should being discovering escape options† (p 196). By step by step giving the p eruser foundation data on the issues of the cutting edge useless family, and afterward expressing the proposition toward the end, he unmistakably gets his contention over. The writer plainly shows how his youth affected his adulthood, making in a living case of what he is expounding on permitting the crowd to all the more effectively trust what he is expounding on. Rather than utilizing genuinely proof from other useless family rates, the creator chooses to make it progressively close to home, by utilizing his own life and contrasting family thoughts of the past with the present.

Australian Hospital Pharmacy -career options and challenges Assignment

Australian Hospital Pharmacy - profession alternatives and difficulties - Assignment Example These cooperative endeavors target thinking of the most suitable strategy for managing a patient’s issues or wellbeing. Various clinics center around specific fields like oncology or medical procedure. From 1996 to 1999, everybody of graduated drug specialists in Australia expanded from 13,834 to 14,747 (The Pharmacist, 2011, p. 731). Soon after this ascent, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare anticipated a lack of drug store after 2010. Despite what might be expected, wellbeing businesses revealed an excess of drug specialists in Australia in 2011. There were 27,226 recorded drug specialists by March 2013 in Australia. The greater part of these drug specialists are beyond 35 2011 years old (Pharmacist, 2011 p. 732). Emergency clinic drug specialists right off the bat in their profession in Australia can offer themselves a bit of leeway in their professions advertise. These points of interest are attainable by seeking after choices in current jobs in Australian medical clinic drug store. Coming up next is a rundown of the favorable circumstances. All callings make vital commitments to the Australian people group (Low, Hattingh, and Forrester, 2009, p. 231). So also, emergency clinic drug specialists have a fundamental impact in keeping patients solid and innovative. Not exactly 10 years back, emergency clinic drug store was a less remunerating calling than different sorts of drug store. Today, the chances have moved. The part played by clinic drug specialists developed immensely during the previous five years. Today, clinic drug specialists work in wards alongside other clinical experts, having a significant influence in the conveyance of social insurance. Despite the fact that yearly pay is still low for by and large drug specialists in Australia, the working conditions for clinic drug specialists have improved essentially. The most recent salary review demonstrated that the degrees of lasting openings for work in medical clinic drug store are substantially more than for network drug specialists. What's more, their

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Stanford GSBs Challenge for Charity

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Stanford GSBs Challenge for Charity When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. Founded by a Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB) student in 1984,Challenge for Charity (C4C)  is a well-attended annual fundraiser that brings students from nine business schools from across the West Coast to the Stanford campus to compete in events such as billiards, bowling and basketball to raise money for the Special Olympics and one local nonprofit organization (each participating school selects a local nonprofit organization to which to donate). Students earn points by winning the competitions in which their team competes, and also for each hour of volunteer work they completed during the year. Students who have committed a minimum of five hours of C4C service in one year are eligible to participate in the sports competitions and trivia quizzes that take place during this two-day event, held each spring, for the chance to win bragging rights and the coveted Golden Briefcase award. One first-year student told mbaMission about the “White Party,” also a C4C fundraiser, which takes place in early March: “Everyone wears white and raises a bunch of money for charities, this year [spring 2011] over $250,000. Students offer whatever they can, and others bid, so it’s another good way for folks to interact more. Some examples that I can remember were cooking classes, a class on how to make sushi, other learning-type experiences and tickets to a baseball game. Everyone tries to participate. I’d guess that over 80% of the students here give back.” For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at the Stanford GSB and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business)

Performance Goals for a Child with Learning Disabilities...

Carlos is 12 years old Hispanic American in grade 7th. He is fine-looking, polite, admired, and hardworking. His Math is good and he has good skills in auditory processing. Unfortunately, local committee and special education has classified him as Learning Disabled. Learning Disability encompasses numerous types of learning problems. Following are 3 main Learning Disabilities he carries. ol li value=1 Reading li value=2 Writing li value=3 Precision or awareness li value=1 Reading: /ol Most ordinary characteristics of student with Learning Disability is Reading. Carlos has reading obscurity, most of the time he lose his place when reading. He understands better what is read to him. He is also unable†¦show more content†¦Oftentimes his grammar is terrible and he severely lacks the clarity. His notes are also much unorganized. Goal: Improve Carloss handwriting and writing skills and increase his vocabulary where he can explain his idea by using few organized sentences and appropriate words. a. Focus on cognitive process. Make him memorize easy vocabulary and show him the best way to use them. b. Constant practice of easy writing using regular wording and phrases. c. Retrieve-and-Write approach, setting goals and plans to guide his writing, organizing his ideas, drafting, self-assessing and rewriting. 4. Precision or Awareness: Carloss has understandability problem, therefore he is confused in class and require repeated directions. His home-work and class-work is incorrect and incomplete most of the time. He is facing difficulties in tracking, decoding and visual perception. Goal: Increase his ability to focus on one task at a time. Understand and improve his-home work and class-work, tracking, decoding and visual perception. ADHD diagnose will be done on yearly basis to evaluate his improvement. a. Drug Therapy, stimulant medication will be prescribed to Carlos. This drug will control his hyperactivity and impulsivity. b. Behavioral Interventions will be Positive behavior reinforcement on a task, assignment, instruction and self-control for Carlos. Seating him closer to teacher and breaking down hisShow MoreRelatedStudents With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1107 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual Disabilities (ID) in a classroom setting. I had interviewed Ms. Chisolm (Special Education Teacher) for the Jersey City Public Schools District, who works with students of multiple disabilities. Intelligence disabilities (ID) mean the mental capabilities of a child’s knowledge and skills. Intellectual disability can be developed during childbirth or before the age of eighteen. It is imperative for me to know, â€Å"What are the characteristics of students with intellectual disabilities? Ms. ChisolmRead More Learning Disabilities Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesLearning Disabilities Approximately 10 percent of the adult population have learning disabilities. Learning disabilities also affect about 5 to 10 percent of school-age children. Most disabilities occur in math, spelling, reading comprehension, oral expression, and written language. The most common learning disabilities are in reading. Children with learning disabilities also have problems with attention, memory, and behavioral problems as a result of frustration. The term learning disabilitiesRead MoreEvaluation Of A Student For Special Education Essay931 Words   |  4 Pagessupport struggling learners and identify students with learning disabilities. Parents are invited to take part in their child’s RTI process. Other school professionals also take part during the RTI process to meet the child needs. Research Based Interventions are used during the RTI process. Data is gathered during the RTI process on a regular basis. After a few weeks, the team meets again to determine how beneficial th e interventions are for the child. If RTI is working, it is continued, if RTI is notRead MoreLearning Disabilities in Children1603 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Disabilities 1 Children and Learning Disabilities Child/Adolescent Development PSY3520 South University Online Scott Walker Learning Disabilities 2 Children that are dealing with learning disabilities have a difficult road ahead of them. If the disability is neglected or overlooked for too long, the probability of the child falling behind in school as well as social aspects in their life is very high. HoweverRead MoreToken Economy: Teachers Use of Positive Reinforcement in Schools1153 Words   |  5 PagesA token economy is an intensive, in-class positive reinforcement program for building up and maintaining appropriate classroom performance and behavior. A token program may be needed when other positive reinforcement programs, such as selective use of teacher attention or a home-based reinforcement program. In many different education settings a material reward program can be conveniently managed through a token reinforcement program. Token programs involve the distribution of physical tokens (forRead MoreEducation For Students With Disabilities803 Words   |  4 Pagesto teach students with disabilities. As more childr en with various disabilities, and other impairments learn with â€Å"typical† children, educators continue to learn how to include these students in their classroom. There are challenges and benefits that continue to emerge for educators, children with disabilities, and their non-disabled peers. However, the educational system would agree that education for students with disabilities has improved greatly. Students with disabilities in inclusive classroomsRead MoreGibb and Dyches Workbook Summary1280 Words   |  6 Pagesclassified with a disability and are between the ages of 3 and 21. An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a written statement of the educational program designed to meet a child’s individual educational needs. Every child who receives special education services must have an IEP. An individualized education program has the goal of setting reasonable improvement learning goals for a child for one year including the role the school will assist the student to achieve their specific goals (Gibb amp;Read MoreStandard Based Grading And Academic Achievement Among Students With Individual Education Plan1700 Words   |  7 Pagesconcentrates on specific student achievement by supplying students with a variation of formative assessments as a checkpoint for learning. Students are then given a summative assessment that indicates whether or not they have mastered a sk ill set. Standards-based grading gives students, teachers, and parents a new way to measure and communicate each students’ achievement and performance in the classroom. Problem Statement – Teachers spend a lot of time outside of scheduled work hours providing feedbackRead MoreThe Role Of Special Education For Children With Special Needs1289 Words   |  6 Pageslearns in different ways. Understanding individual differences in ability, personality, and interests is essential in teaching those with disabilities. It is true that disabilities intersect with learning. For example, a disability may interfere with family or peer relationships and school performance if a student displays troublesome behaviors. Children with disabilities may sometimes be seen as â€Å"different† by other children. This may lead to being excluded from peer relationships and experiences of socialRead MoreEvaluation Of A Formal Referral1691 Words   |  7 PagesIdentification: If a parent believes that their child is in need of special education services, a written request must be sent to the Child Study Team and it is treated as a formal referral. School district personnel, such as a child’s teacher, may suspect, through classroom observations, that a child may have a disability and can make a referral to the child study team. Within 20 calendar days of receiving a referral, the complete child study team must hold a meeting with the parent and the student’s

Lifting The Ban On Women s Rights - 1974 Words

The process of moving forward and advancing women’s rights have become more and more important to America. Deciding to lift the ban on women in combat became a more talked about issue than people thought. This topic raises a mass of questions. Women deserve rights equivalent to those of men. Women have been looked upon as the weaker gender for centuries; however, in recent years, they seem to play much larger roles in society and must be afforded the same opportunities as men to excel and advance in the military. In January 2013, America lifted the ban on female soldiers serving in combat roles; therefore, this allowed women to reach their full potential as soldiers. Females seemed unable to attain the highest rank in many professions. General Martin Dempsey, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that women have already proved themselves in action on America s battlefields and the move persisted as a way of catching up with reality (Harris). Women are mentally discipline and emotionally strong enough for the harshness of battle. Females will also prevail as Army Rangers, Green Berets, Navy Seals, and Marine Corps. Many people now believe in what Defense Secretary Ash Carter said, â€Å"The important factor in making my decision was to have access to every American who could add strength to the joint force.† (Tilghman). With these beliefs women now get the chance to fulfill their lifelong dreams of fighting and protecting their country. More than 9,000 female troops haveShow MoreR elated Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Policy Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagesinfringement on human rights and freedom of expression, it protects the rights of the rest of the military and opens a loophole for gay men and women to serve in the armed forces. Other countries have successfully integrated gay men and women into their militaries and compared the treatment of other minority groups in the military. Is the â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy really effective or even necessary for our militaries? The â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy means that service men and women are not questionedRead MoreThe Banning Of The Headscarf1229 Words   |  5 Pagesarticles such as an al-Amira, burka, or a hijab. Some women wear these clothing items for religious or traditional purposes, but others wear them solely by choice. However, there are certain countries around the world that oppose the wearing of certain Muslim-style clothing. One country in particular, Turkey, does not issue total support of the wearing of headscarves for women. In fact, the government has issued a ban on the wearing of headscarves by women in government facilitated places. The banning ofRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism Movement Essay1542 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history, women have always been oppressed in one form or another. The social status of women have often been lower than that of their male counter parts creating adverse gender inequality in soci ety. One such example is in the United States of America in which before 1920, women did not have the rights to vote. The lower social status of women in society is further propagated mainly through the objectification of women in the media through the sexualisation of women. Since the creationRead More Gays in the Military Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesservice. In November 1992, President - elect Clinton told Americans that he planned to lift the militarys long - standing ban on gays and lesbians. Homosexual men and women, he said, should not be prevented from serving their country based on their sexual orientation. Soon after taking office in 1993, Clinton faced powerful military and congressional opposition to lifting the ban. General Colin Powell, then - chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Senator Sam Nunn, who was chairman of the SenateRead MoreGays in the Military1427 Words   |  6 Pagesit right? For nearly 50 years, it has been the U.S. militarys official policy to exclude homosexuals from service. In November 1992, President - elect Clinton told Americans that he planned to lift the militarys long - standing ban on gays and lesbians. Homosexual men and women, he said, should not be prevented from serving their country based on their sexual orientation. Soon after taking office in 1993, Clinton faced powerful military and congressional opposition to lifting the ban. GeneralRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage1504 Words   |  7 Pagessex marriage, in where some states legalized same sex marriage but there are still some states that have not or even have banned same sex marriage. Every human has the right to love, in this case, marriage is a privilege that everyone should have, the freedom of choosing a partner in their life; therefore the equality of human rights has to be more reinforced and same sex marriage must be legalized in every state in The USA. (add essay map) SAME SEX MARRIAGE IN THE US According to the National ConderenceRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien2499 Words   |  10 Pageshistory, many women were known to disguise themselves as men in combat. Now, they do not have to disguise themselves. The roles of women have dramatically changed in recent years. Women were not allowed to have an education. They did not attend high school or college, and they were expected to just be the typical housewife of the mid-1900’s. Some women had children while men were typical â€Å"bread-winners.† That is how the world was at that point in time. As you can see already, men and women were not equalRead MoreThe National Collegiate Athletic Association1731 Words   |  7 Pagesswim and dive, soccer, and tennis to name a few. The NCAA s most dominant competitions are college basketball and college (American) football, and it was estimated in 2000 that 75 per cent of US colleges made profits from these sports, enabling the subsidization of other sport- activity programmes (Tomlinson, 2010.) NCAA officials on Nov. 8 announced a multiyear deal with Coca-Cola, making Powerade the official sports drink of the association s 88 championship events (NCAA, 2010.) The NCAA’s headquartersRead MoreWomen in the Army1955 Words   |  8 PagesWomen Army Women total up till about 14% of the 1.4 million military personnel in the United States army. (Gabbatt, 2013) The statistics in pentagon state that about 144 military women have been killed and around 865 women have been injured in combat and noncombat incidents in Afghanistan and in Iraq. (Parrish ,2012) As of 2012, there were about 20,000 women deployed in Afghanistan and this number is even likely to increase. Women have become an integral part of the army service in Afghanistan andRead MoreWomen During Combat War : American Society Changed And Evolved At A Record Pace Over The Past Decade Essay1765 Words   |  8 PagesWomen in Combat Arms American Society has changed and evolved at a record pace over the past decade. Technology, social media, sexual orientation, and race relations have all been hotly debated topics. On January 24, 2013, when then-Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta rescinded the rule that restricted women from serving in combat units and directed the Armed Services to review their occupational standards and assignment policies, the discussion of women in Combat Arms was thrust into the limelight

The Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation

The first video â€Å"The Constitution Project† – creating a constitution of the founding fathers creating and signing the constitution. This is a large piece of history which because of them, the constitution and the articles of confederation are what make makes America what it is today, unified. The major learning theme of this video is to understanding what and how these states came together, taxation, laws, and the people behind it. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison to name a few are the unique founding fathers who helped make America the way it is for years to come. Because of the constitution, constitutional conflicts have become a major focus and resolving them is another. Most of all, it’s significant to see the founding fathers go through conflicts of the constitution and eventually come to a compromise that are doable still today. It’s extraordinary to see first-hand of a group of leaders eventually reach a compromise about i ts core values, the government, states, and people’s rights. After watching the video about the constitution project, it’s fascinating to see the start and finish of the constitution and the articles of confederation. If it wasn’t for the founding fathers coming together to decide what works best for the united states of America, taxation, and branches of government. The tremendous work put into creating a constitution, so the government and states won’t encounter discontinuity. Much thought and consideration were put into theShow MoreRelatedThe Articles of Confederation and The Constitution1238 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment has been defined by two very important documents. Reflecting on all governments of the past, they laid forth an impressive jumble of ideas that would lead the way to where we are today. These two documents are the Article of Confederation and the U.S Constitution. These two documents of precedent are both similar and unique, each with its own pros and cons, and neither being perfect. Both these docu ments addressed the prominent vital in national vs. state sovereignty, legislative selectionRead MoreThe Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation1373 Words   |  6 Pageswould enforce them? I will address some of the differences between the Constitution and The Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were designed and formed from the thirteen states that created a Confederation known as the â€Å"league of friendship†; their goal was to find solutions for problems; and one of the first attempts to create a system. The Articles of Confederation was our nation’s first constitution; during the last years of the Revolutionary war, the government had beenRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution921 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution and Articles Analysis The Articles of Confederation and The Constitution were both written I believe to ensue peace in a new nation where great freedoms had just been betrothed upon. Both written within ten years of each other, the main point it was trying to get across was the idea of one nation. They were written by the same people who all in all had similar ideas. There are many differences as well. From the main one being sovereign states, to how many states must approve an amendmentRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution891 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout American history, many Americans assume that too much power is given to one party or the other. The Article of confederation was important in the United States because it affected the way over government functions today. Specifically, under the Article of confederation, the United States was intended to be formed on a basis of Federalism. Within this structure of Federalism, states have their own rights and majority of power with its people. The federal government on the other hand,Read MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1130 Words   |  5 Pages After America won its independence from Great Britain in 1783, the Articles of Confederation were created to serve as the basis of American democracy. Years subsequent to the creation of the Articles of Confederation, delegates from all states, with the exception of Rhode Island, assembled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to mend the weaknesses the Articles displayed throughout its practice. This meeting on Septe mber 17, 1787, resulted in the newly drafted terms for which the United States democracyRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation were the earliest constitution of the United States. After the United States became fully independent from Great Britain, following the Revolutionary War, the document was created to outline the functions and management of new nation. However, the document established a very weak central government, instead giving the power to the states. To correct the mistake, a new version of such a document was created: the Constitution, which is still in effect today. (Articles ofRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Constitution remains as relevant today as it did over two hundred years ago. Americans have lived their lives through the law of the Constitution of the United Staes of America for several years. The Constitution has kept our natio n together and has kept us strong. â€Å"The Constitution defines the United States of America. This greatest of American documents not only establishes our system of government; it limits the power of that government, specifying our irrevocable rights and privileges asRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution2035 Words   |  9 Pagesmove forward and unite the thirteen states as a nation. It was then when Continental Congress met up in Pennsylvania and created a secured a document known as the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was written on November 15, 1777, and ratified by all thirteen states on March 1, 1781. When the Articles of Confederation were written it had many goals in mind to set and preserve the country with all its freedoms, keeping America an independent nation. Since the states were comingRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1461 Words   |  6 PagesJesse Ghuman Jason Stratton US History B17 11/15/2015 The Articles of Confederation The first approved document of the United States was the Articles of Confederation. However, after a few years, the Bill of Rights replaced the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. The Articles began the Constitution but the articles had contained a lot of weaknesses so they had to create a new document. Few of the Article of Confederation goals were to bring the states together and establish a strongRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1109 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough, the war was won and there were lots of flaws in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution started shaping the laws and government in the nation. Democracy was something that may be hard for the people to handle according to Alexander Hamilton of New York, and it would also make them confused by the challenges of running the nation. The nation was on the European economic system which it had trouble and struggled. The people got married, raised families, bought slaves, they moved The Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation Davis Rush History 30 February 20, 2015 S. Chrissanthos The Constitution The Constitution replaced the articles of confederation in June of 1788. The founding fathers knew, by looking at historic documents from very prominent civilizations, what they did, and did not, want to add into the Constitution. The Constitution has been used for over two-hundred years to date, the longest constitution used in the world. There are many reasons that the Constitution was able to last for this long. Some of these reasons include the fact that it does not add in religious parts to it, it is strictly legal. Another reason may be that it was unprecedented, that is, having laws that the government could not break written down. The Constitution was also foolproof because it included a way for changing times to allow for a changing document. The amendment process is clearly detailed in the Constitution so that if ever needed, the document may be changed in order to suit the new ages. The Constitution was a necessary document to have in place in order to keep order in America. The Founders took just the right amount of power away from the president, and gave it to the other branches of power. Many people opposed the Constitution at first, for lacking many rights that people as well as the government should and shouldn’t have. Alexander Hamilton said, â€Å"It is true, as has been before observed that facts have produced a species of general assent to the abstract proposition that there existShow MoreRelatedThe Articles of Confederation and The Constitution1238 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment has been defined by two very important documents. Reflecting on all governments of the past, they laid forth an impressive jumble of ideas that would lead the way to where we are today. These two documents are the Article of Confederation and the U.S Constitution. These two documents of precedent are both similar and unique, each with its own pros and cons, and neithe r being perfect. Both these documents addressed the prominent vital in national vs. state sovereignty, legislative selectionRead MoreThe Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation1373 Words   |  6 Pageswould enforce them? I will address some of the differences between the Constitution and The Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were designed and formed from the thirteen states that created a Confederation known as the â€Å"league of friendship†; their goal was to find solutions for problems; and one of the first attempts to create a system. The Articles of Confederation was our nation’s first constitution; during the last years of the Revolutionary war, the government had beenRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution921 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution and Articles Analysis The Articles of Confederation and The Constitution were both written I believe to ensue peace in a new nation where great freedoms had just been betrothed upon. Both written within ten years of each other, the main point it was trying to get across was the idea of one nation. They were written by the same people who all in all had similar ideas. There are many differences as well. From the main one being sovereign states, to how many states must approve an amendmentRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution891 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout American history, many Americans assume that too much power is given to one party or the other. The Article of confederation was important in the United States because it affected the way over government functions today. Specifically, under the Article of confederation, the United States was intended to be formed on a basis of Federalism. Within this structure of Federalism, states have their own rights and majority of power with its people. The federal government on the other hand,Read MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1130 Words   |  5 Pages After America won its independence from Great Britain in 1783, the Articles of Confederation were created to serve as the basis of American democracy. Years subsequent to the creation of the Articles of Confederation, delegates from all states, with the exception of Rhode Island, assembled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to mend the weaknesses the Articles displayed throughout its practice. This meeting on Septe mber 17, 1787, resulted in the newly drafted terms for which the United States democracyRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation were the earliest constitution of the United States. After the United States became fully independent from Great Britain, following the Revolutionary War, the document was created to outline the functions and management of new nation. However, the document established a very weak central government, instead giving the power to the states. To correct the mistake, a new version of such a document was created: the Constitution, which is still in effect today. (Articles ofRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Constitution remains as relevant today as it did over two hundred years ago. Americans have lived their lives through the law of the Constitution of the United Staes of America for several years. The Constitution has kept our natio n together and has kept us strong. â€Å"The Constitution defines the United States of America. This greatest of American documents not only establishes our system of government; it limits the power of that government, specifying our irrevocable rights and privileges asRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution2035 Words   |  9 Pagesmove forward and unite the thirteen states as a nation. It was then when Continental Congress met up in Pennsylvania and created a secured a document known as the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was written on November 15, 1777, and ratified by all thirteen states on March 1, 1781. When the Articles of Confederation were written it had many goals in mind to set and preserve the country with all its freedoms, keeping America an independent nation. Since the states were comingRead MoreThe Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation953 Words   |  4 PagesThe first video â€Å"The Constitution Project† – creating a constitution of the founding fathers creating and signing the constitution. This is a large piece of history which because of them, the constitution and the articles of confederation are what make makes America what it is today, unified. The major learning theme of this video is to understanding what and how these states came together, taxation, laws, and the people behind it. George Was hington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison to name aRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1461 Words   |  6 PagesJesse Ghuman Jason Stratton US History B17 11/15/2015 The Articles of Confederation The first approved document of the United States was the Articles of Confederation. However, after a few years, the Bill of Rights replaced the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. The Articles began the Constitution but the articles had contained a lot of weaknesses so they had to create a new document. Few of the Article of Confederation goals were to bring the states together and establish a strong The Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation Rules would be the new topic of discussion at the end of the American Revolution amongst the newly formed Free states that won their independence from Britain. One huge question loomed over the Free states, how could they conduct a civilized way of living without another ruler such as the king of Britain here in America? There needed to be some sort of system that would generate a control to create a unified country. States were acting and conducting business as if each state was its own country and this left the America vulnerable on many fronts. Some of the main issues that surfaced were; How to divide powers between local and national governments? Which laws should be made, and by whom and who would enforce them? I will address some of the differences between the Constitution and The Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were designed and formed from the thirteen states that created a Confederation known as the â€Å"league of friendship†; their goal was to find solutions for problems; and one of the first attempts to create a system. The Articles of Confederation was our nation’s first constitution; during the last years of the Revolutionary war, the government had been conducting our country’s affairs helping to negotiate the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The Articles of Confederation were a set of principles set forth that got our nation through the Revolutionary war. When the articles fell short at working effectively the state delegates attempted toShow MoreRelatedThe Articles of Confederation and The Constitution1238 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment has been defined by two very important documents. Reflecting on all governments of the past, they laid forth an impressive jumble of ideas that would lead the way to where we are today. These two documents are the Article of Confederation and the U.S Constitution. These two documents of precedent are both similar and unique, each with its own pros and cons, and neither being perfect. Both these documents addressed the prominent vital in national vs. state sovereignty, legislative selectionRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution921 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution and Articles Analysis The Articles of Confederation and The Constitution were both written I believe to ensue peace in a new nation where great freedoms had just been betrothed upon. Both written within ten years of each other, the main point it was trying to get across was the idea of one nation. They were written by the same people who all in all had similar ideas. There are many differences as well. From the main one being sovereign states, to how many states must approve an amendmentRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution891 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout American history, many Americans assume that too much power is given to one party or the other. 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This meeting on Septe mber 17, 1787, resulted in the newly drafted terms for which the United States democracyRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe Articles of Confederation were the earliest constitution of the United States. After the United States became fully independent from Great Britain, following the Revolutionary War, the document was created to outline the functions and management of new nation. However, the document established a very weak central government, instead giving the power to the states. To correct the mistake, a new version of such a document was created: the Constitution, which is still in effect today. (Articles ofRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Constitution remains as relevant today as it did over two hundred years ago. Americans have lived their lives through the law of the Constitution of the United Staes of America for several years. The Constitution has kept our natio n together and has kept us strong. â€Å"The Constitution defines the United States of America. This greatest of American documents not only establishes our system of government; it limits the power of that government, specifying our irrevocable rights and privileges asRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution2035 Words   |  9 Pagesmove forward and unite the thirteen states as a nation. It was then when Continental Congress met up in Pennsylvania and created a secured a document known as the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was written on November 15, 1777, and ratified by all thirteen states on March 1, 1781. When the Articles of Confederation were written it had many goals in mind to set and preserve the country with all its freedoms, keeping America an independent nation. Since the states were comingRead MoreThe Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation953 Words   |  4 PagesThe first video â€Å"The Constitution Project† – creating a constitution of the founding fathers creating and signing the constitution. This is a large piece of history which because of them, the constitution and the articles of confederation are what make makes America what it is today, unified. The major learning theme of this video is to understanding what and how these states came together, taxation, laws, and the people behind it. George Was hington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison to name aRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1461 Words   |  6 PagesJesse Ghuman Jason Stratton US History B17 11/15/2015 The Articles of Confederation The first approved document of the United States was the Articles of Confederation. However, after a few years, the Bill of Rights replaced the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. The Articles began the Constitution but the articles had contained a lot of weaknesses so they had to create a new document. Few of the Article of Confederation goals were to bring the states together and establish a strongRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution1109 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough, the war was won and there were lots of flaws in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution started shaping the laws and government in the nation. Democracy was something that may be hard for the people to handle according to Alexander Hamilton of New York, and it would also make them confused by the challenges of running the nation. The nation was on the European economic system which it had trouble and struggled. The people got married, raised families, bought slaves, they moved

Public Enemy free essay sample

The original members were Chuck D (original name Carlton Redefined, born on August 1, 1960 In Queens, New York), Flavor Flag (original name William Dragoon, born on March 16, 1 959 in Long Island, New York), Terminator X (original name Norman Lee Rogers, born on August 25, 1966 In New York City, New York), and Professor Grief (original name Richard Griffin, born on August 1, 1960 In Long Island, New York). While developing his talent as a young MAC with Flavor Flag, Chuck D levered furniture for his fathers business.After few days in the Studio, Chuck D put out a tape to promote YUBA Radio Station. He called the tape, Public Enemy #1 . Because he felt like he was being persecuted by people in the local communities. Public Enemy first gain popularity by doing opening acts for the Beastie Boys. Over the next few years , their debut album, You! Burn Rush The Show was released in 1987. The album sold only roughly 300,000. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Enemy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However Peps second album, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, in 1988, was widely praised by critics and eventually went Platinum selling over a million copies.Including singles Like Dont Believe The Hype and Bring The Noise. The album boosted their popularity and they was taking over. The group continued their to release hit records Like Fear of a Black planet and Apocalypse 91 1 Hip Hop of course existed before the come up of public Enemy. However, Rappers was afraid to respond to the ruthless treatment in the black communities, knowing that the Civil Right movement was reaching it climax. Instead they rap about fancy cars and expensive parties. After Public Enemy released their first album everything changed. In the single Party For Your Rights they included lyric like Power, Equality..And were out to get It. . I know some of you Alan with it.. This party started right In 66.. Than at the hour of twelve some force force out the power, sending direct message to the government. They use rap music as a way to criticize the government, Calling for power to the black communities. The Afro-American music in the eighties was greatly influenced by the disco sound. Public Enemy music is a great example of disco influence in Hip Hop music. New cosmologies like Rhythm machines, Scratch and Sampling were introduced, and Public Enemy found them-selves in the mix of this culture.By taking the technology of Sampling (cut of pieces of already existing songs changed to make a new sound), Public Enemy created another traditional form of Rock-And-Roll. In their music, they included pieces of political speeches, News broadcasts, police siren etc. Group Member Chuck D believed, rapping is the most effective method if you wish to express yourself on the microphone. Public Enemy made contribution to HIP Hop world with political, Social and Cultural intent, which generate itself in skilled and poetic rhymes. Before Public Enemy, Hip developed a strong pro-black political stance. Hey was one of the first Hip Hop group to do well internationally. They also changed internet music distribution by releasing UMP only albums. Recently artists, poets, movie directors etc, all uses sample from Public Enemys songs. Video games like Tony Hawks Pro Skater 2-4-5-6, Surface-The World is Your, and Thrasher featured songs from Public Enemy. In the UK, channel 4 used Harder Than You Think on advertisements for it TV coverage of the 2012 summer Paralytics. The movement never stop as Public Enemy released their twelfth studio album The Evil Empire of Everything on Cot 1 1, 2012. And recently they was added to the Rock-And-Roll Hall of Fame (2013). They are An Example of a legendary Band and Hip Hop culture. Public Enemy influenced rap music and promoted the civil rights movement. They were great musical icons of the sixties, no matter if they belong to the black cultured heritage said Marvin Gay. Public Enemy used their talent to act as a voice for the black community. They never stop giving their fans color, rhythm and sound. Public Enemy s currently working on their 12th album, However they still enjoy being idol to young rappers.

Texoil Negotiation Essay Example

Texoil Negotiation Paper Value based pricing was going to be the key, I thought, from the moment I looked at the Texoil case as the service station owner. From my perspective, the owners not only owned the station, but had acquired a loyal customer base. They had knowledge of the regional environment. They themselves were part of the reason the station was successful. My contention was that if Texoil built a station without them, it would be both risky and potentially unsuccessful. Based on the above value analysis, my partner and I decided that the total value of the station was: the cost of a new building for Texoil plus lost revenues during construction plus the lifetime value of previously acquired customers plus the risk reduction of a failed venture – a total of two million dollars. We knew that the above figure was quite high, and we planned to come out quickly and anchor the discussion there with our supporting evidence. [1] Since the preliminary analysis showed it would cost Texoil 650k to build and 553k was our minimum desired selling price, our goal was to walk away with any deal above 650k. We will write a custom essay sample on Texoil Negotiation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Texoil Negotiation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Texoil Negotiation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I was open to thinking creatively about a deal that was not all-cash. [2] We recognized quickly that our BATNA so-so. If we sold for 400k it might be enough to pay for the sailboat, but it would not be enough to live on later. However, we realized that even in this worst case scenario, the boat could be sold upon returning in order to finance subsequent expenses. It wasn’t perfect but it was palatable. Ultimately, a deal that beat 400k would also work, but it would be leaving value on the table. Looking forward to the negotiation, we knew the Texoil rep would remark on the fact that we had been running ads in the newspaper. We felt that this was a disadvantage as it made us look desperate to sell. We wanted Texoil to think our BATNA was not only another offer but also continuing to enjoy running the station. The concocted story was: we started running the ads after we got an ‘out of the blue’ offer by a large competitor. We were SO surprised by this generous offer that we decided to go fishing to see what other interest was out there, though we had by no means decided that we wanted to sell. Process My partner and I as well as the Texoil rep spent some time getting acquainted and exchanging pleasantries. Relationship building before a negotiation is a key to successful outcomes. [3] He asked us why we were selling, and we trotted out our planned back story. A silence came over the discussion, and my partner proceeded to share our estimated two-million-dollar valuation. The Texoil rep’s brow furrowed, he scribbled on his paper, and said that based on his analysis he could offer us 200k! I was taken aback. My first instinct was that he was re-anchoring low. For most of the subsequent negotiation I felt he was playing hard ball. I countered by returning to the value discussion. I elaborated once again about how starting a gas station in a tough region with plenty of competitors was not a slam dunk; that there was a risk of failing, and that was the reason to pay a premium. The Texoil rep nodded his head and said, I still don’t understand how you’re getting to two million. At this point, I realized we had been doing too much talking, and potentially giving up too much information. We hadn’t asked why Texoil was interested, what their assumptions were, what they were looking at? Not letting the opposition speak was a blunder. Unfortunately, however, the rep didn’t give much information away. I redirected the conversation. I said, â€Å"our data shows it would cost you at least 650k to build, plus the customer base. † So how in the world are you getting somewhere between 200k and 300k. This was a smart move, because it got him to acknowledge that indeed the price to build was 650k, but that was for a new facility, potentially with the convenience store. I said sure, but then you’re going to be competing against me, and you’ll lose. Clearly existing relationships matter. He said price matters more. We went back and forth a little. At this point, I introduced the idea of us having a partial stake in the gas station. The Texoil rep seemed to be more ok with that idea, but the percent was still low. We appealed to his honest side. â€Å"Look,† we said, â€Å"We started at two million, we’ve gone way down. Do you want a deal or not? † He admitted that he had a cap on his spend. He offered $450k. I said at that level we’ll need a 20% stake. We went back and forth and landed on $450k, 15% stake, and 40 hours of work between the two of us upon returning from the vacation. Learning About Self I believe I showed a couple key strengths in this negotiation. First, by continuing to re-center the discussion about value, we earned a higher ending agreement. [I believe we had one of the most favorable agreements in the class for the gas station proprietors. ] We were able to sell the Texoil rep on the concept that he needed us and the skillset we brought. When we got down to a number that worked for him, he was open to non-cash solutions. One of the challenges in this case was information asymmetry. Not knowing the opponents’ information, limitations, and whether they were just pulling our leg. After the rep brought up that $650k was the price including an entirely new station with a convenience store, plus new pumps, I realized we had to be willing to pivot down. We acknowledged that taking into account the store and new pumps, the number was at least 500k to build, and they still needed us or it wouldn’t be a successful business. Knowing when your value proposition is different than originally stated is another key to getting the deal made. At one point my partner said, â€Å"Do you want a deal or not? You approached us to buy the station, but it seems like you’re not actually interested. Are you? † That did elicit the reaction of, â€Å"well yeah. † I think this shows that sometimes, when you’re stuck, zooming out to the 10,000 ft level can be beneficial. The mistake I made during this negotiation was that I let my mouth run wild for too long at certain points. I need to be more conscious, and actively listen. One thing I’m proud of is that we were open to a lot of creative solutions that were non-cash based. This gets at my own decision making criteria, where I land somewhere between a â€Å"charismatic† and a â€Å"thinker. †[4] I like seeing both the big picture and seeing the data. The thinker side that relishes the data feed, in some ways is very challenged by the ambiguity of negotiation. In some ways you don’t always know if you got the best deal you could get. That’s hard as a thinker who wants to win. Having that â€Å"charismatic† side, however, helps in terms of creating the grand strategy; coming up with the value proposition. Maybe I don’t get the most perfect deal, but at least the conceptual thinking and game-plan is on solid footing. What would you do differently? I have two regrets. First, my partner and I should have listened more to the rep at the start of the conversation. He was great at letting us talk. It turned out he didn’t actually know much about the situation, so we played right into his hands. The second mistake was not creating some sort of hierarchy of who was chief negotiator or roles. We discussed our overall plan, and that we were setting our initial value at two million, but after he re-anchored at 200k, we were off our game. There were a few times when my partner said something that I wasn’t completely in agreement with, and probably vice versa. We ended up taking a break a little more than half way through to resettle and to discuss where we were at. This was partially due to frustration. In retrospect, this was a shrewd decision and could have been taken early. I think the lesson is, if the opponent is doing something unexpected, stop and think deeply or take a break. It doesn’t seem to hurt.

Dermatology essays

Dermatology essays Dermatologists are experts of the skin. They study, diagnose and treat diseases and ailments of the skin. Some of the most common skin diseases dermatologists treat are skin cancer, warts, fungal infections, psoriasis and hair loss. Melanoma is the most serious of the disorders. Besides treating physical diseases of the skin, dermatologists help patients deal with the emotional problems that come with skin disorders. Dermatologists tend to have solo practices. These offices are well-lighted and well equipped for efficiency. Some Dermatologist treat patients in hospitals and many have open practices with similar physicians like allergists. Dermatologists hours are fairly regular. They work from 40 to 50 hours each week. They see patients in their offices by appointment, although they may treat severe burns at any time. The earnings of a dermatologist varies. The average earnings in a survey taken in 1994 were $177,400 per year. That is, of course, before expenses. The salaries of students enrolled in residency programs range from $26,000 the first year to $33,000 the final year. It may take Dermatologists a number of years to reach their full potential. To become a Dermatologist, you must first be a physician. That requires a four year degree from an accredited College. You should first earn a Bachelor of Arts or Science degree. The next step is completion of four years in an accredited Medical School. Following Medical school, most physicians go into a Residency program to learn Dermatology. It may sound like a lot of work, but most Dermatologists say all the training is essential to do the job effectively. Dermatology is a very competitive field. You must dedicate much of your time in Medical school to be accepted to a Residency program and be the best you can possibly be. ...

Assignment 1 F&A Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 1 F&A - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, the executive are predicting low consumer confidence and high unemployment rate as two most important factors that will hinder the recovery of the retail industry. (KPMG, 2012) (Farfan, 2011) Note 1 to the financial statements provides a complete description of the RadioShack Corporation’s business. The company deals in electronic items and services through 4,395 retail stores under its brand name in the US. The company also operates in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands and Mexico. In 2009, the company launched ‘Target Mobile Centers’ to increase their sales and revenue. However, due to its failure, the company has decided to wind up these centers by the first quarter of 2013. It is very important to understand this note because its helps to identify and comprehend the business operations of the company and its future plans of discontinuation of any product line. (RadioShack Corp. Annual Report, 2012) Best Buy and Wal-Mart are two of the important competitors of RadioShack Corporation because they tend to have the same business as well as operate in the same environment. This will allow us to compare their financial and non financial metrics against each other such as profitability, efficiency, leverage and earning potential. Similarly, through a survey, the position of the RadioShack can be compared against its competitors in the consumers’ minds. Compared to the industry average debt to total assets ratio of 0.72, RadioShack Corporation has a better financial position. The company’s 61% of the assets are financed by debt. However, RadioShack Corporation is highly leveraged company as compared to industry benchmarks. The company has raise $1.58 of debt for every $1 of equity in the company as compared to $1.2 raised by the industry. This signifies an increased riskiness in the company and a poor rating amongst the external stakeholders. (Bloomberg Businessweek,

Wk4Dis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk4Dis - Assignment Example he tasks and resources needed to realize the strategic goals, budget planning details how the resources will be acquired and distributed across the various tasks and departments. Therefore, budget planning helps the organization realize the tasks that are detailed in the operational plan by allocating human and financial resources. Budget thus planning helps the organization prioritize the activities included in the operation plan based on the required resources and expected returns. Since system thinking is a holistic approach in understanding the organization, it helps improve operation decision making by examining the interactions between various parts of the organization. It helps show how a change in one section will affect other sections in the organization, thereby allowing for well informed decision making. For example, through the system thinking approach, an organization will understand which areas modifications need to be made. In addition, system thinking allows for an organization make decisions that tackle the specific cause of a problem or specific areas where the problem lies since the entire system is analyzed. Deliberate strategies involve the set of intended actions that are taken after careful planning and deliberation. Deliberate strategies require that actions undertaken are not influenced by external forces, and must be accomplished as originally earlier agreed. For example, as noted in the article by Moore (2011), deliberate strategies are formulated based on a preexisting model that is made to fit the organization or industry. Emergent strategies on the other hand are those decisions taken and adapted over time and are not intended. This involves the organization understanding what best works in practice, and such actions are not pre-planned. Emergent strategies are useful in a future strategic planning process because they help the organization when plans fail. These strategies help the organization cope with unexpected events or

Hardys dramatic dialogue Essay Example for Free

Hardys dramatic dialogue Essay Denying the harsh moral codes set upon you can at times improve your material circumstances; however it can reduce you to a situation lower than poverty. Hardys dramatic dialogue The Ruined Maid attempts to portray the injustices and ironies of Victorian morality. Hardy is able to achieve this through his elaborate control over language. The class distinctions and moral codes placed upon women in the Victorian era have a large degree of irony. In the first stanza Hardy introduces two women: an unnamed, impoverished farm maid and a relatively wealthy ruined woman. The fact that the farm maid is unnamed shows her relatively insignificant life in comparison to the ruined woman who is named. The ruined woman (Melia) is said to have acquired fair garments, illustrating her affluence as the adjective fair suggests her clothes were of great beauty. The farm maid also wonders how Melia has come across such prosperi-ty emphasising her newfound wealth. Melia states that she has acquired this wealth as she has been ruined. By crossing the Victorian morality line and selling herself she has been rewarded instead of being looked down upon. In the second stanza Hardy contrasts the two womens lifestyles to illustrate their vast differences. Hardy uses negative diction such as the noun tatters to describe the poverty-stricken woman clothing which contrasts to the description of the wealthier woman in the first stanza. Hardy also contrasts this in the second stanza where Hardy uses positive diction with vibrant connotations such as gay bracelets and bright feathers to again describe the ruined womans clothing. The use of juxtaposition between the poverty of one woman and the relative wealth of Melia emphasises their class differences. The ruined woman, obviously gaining from her denial of normal moral codes, states thats how we dress when we are ruined. This illustrates that all women in her profession wear wealthy clothing, portraying the ironies of Victorian moral rectitude. Restrained in the entrenched Victorian class system with its moral and economic confines women at times have to escape in order to improve their situation. In the third stanza Hardy illustrates the ruined womans original poverty. She is described to have had a home in the barton, illustrating her initial lack of wealth through the use of the noun barton. Melia is said to have in the past used archaic, colloquial language such as thee and thou portraying her earlier impoverishment; only those of the lower classes would have used these words. However Hardy contrasts this with the womans talking which now fits ee for high company, again emphasising her gain from selling herself. Melia says that some polish is gained with ones ruin. The noun polish suggests the woman has gained refinement by becoming ruined, illustrating the potential gains from defying Victorian moral codes. This can also portray the hypocrisy of Victorian society as pure, virginal women are approved of; however happen to live depressing, miserable lives. In the fourth stanza Hardy again contrasts the womans current position with her past one, describing how she used to have paws and a face blue and bleak. The fact that her hands are said to have been paws illustrates the strenuous work she had to endure. The adjective bleak is an example of a synecdoche as it is used to illustrate Meilas former emotions. However she is now said to have little gloves and a delicate cheek portraying her dramatic improvement both in her occupation and emotionally. The last line: we never do work when were ruined emphasises her lack of taxing labour after becoming ruined. Crossing the morality line can at times result in improvements to ones position economically. By defying Victorian morality ones situation is condemned to being lower than the poverty of those who are pure and righteous. In the fifth stanza Hardy again uses negative diction to describe Melias past position. Hardy illustrates that she used to view her life as a hag-ridden dream portraying her past depressive outlook on life due to her previous poverty. She is said to have sigh[ed] and sock[ed] emphasising her negative view on life. However now she know[s] not of melancholy. This shows her emotional improvement as a result of becoming ruined. In the last stanza the farm girl says she wished she was like her former friend and had feathers and a fine sweeping gown. This illustrates her misunderstanding of Melias new profession due to her poverty. She is unable to see through the vivacious fai ade of Melias wealthy clothing in order to see the realities of her occupation. Melia however separates herself from her former friend stating that she is but a raw country girl. The adjective raw again emphasises the girls righteousness and innocence contrasted to the other womans ruined morality. The two women are completely different due to the chasmic nature of the Victorian class distinctions and Melias decision to sell herself. Melias also denies the farm maid of her dreams stating that she cannot quite expect that. Although she wishes she could become wealthy she cant escape the class which she was born into. Melia says that you aint ruined showing that to become rich after being born into the lower classes you must become ruined. However this could also be seen as a warning to the other woman to hold on to her maidenly modesty due to its huge worth in Victorian society. Furthermore Hardy uses the colloquial expression aint to show the reader that the ruined woman hasnt escaped her poor origins. Women of the Victorian times held a very insecure position in society; one which could change dramatically just by defying ironic moral codes. In The Ruined Maid Hardy attempts to show the ironies and injustices place upon women in the Victorian era. He shows that although one may improve their economic situation by defying the moral codes of their society they are condemned to a fate worse than poverty.

The Electoral College Versus a Direct Election System Essay -- Politic

The Electoral College Versus a Direct Election System â€Å"The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President†¦they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President† (Findlaw.com). The Twelfth Amendment set forth the rules and regulations for which the Office of President shall be determined. The founding fathers, in the second constitutional convention, laid the grounds on which setup what would be the Electoral College. Adoption of the Electoral College plan came late in the Convention, which had previously adopted on four occasions provisions for election of the executive by the Congress and had twice defeated proposals for election by the people directly. So why not conduct a direct election, by the people? After all, the President was to serve the people. There were four main reasons why the delegates of the Second Constitutional Convention wanted an electoral system. For one, a census as a prelude to the first election could not be taken. The first election served more as an appointment. There was not time for delegates to go back home, while under this newly formed Constitution, and search for delegates. Who would serve to defend the Constitution while this happened? The delegates knew this before hand. The states had a wide variety of suffrage requirements. If electors were to be chosen on the basis of population, should slaves count as a property, or under population? Even though they held large populations, the larger states rejected the idea of a popular vote. Virginia, one of the largest states of the time, had a population of 748,000. Of those, 306,000 were slaves, whic... ...cedure, until a 3/5ths of the states decide against it. Even the Founders themselves once supported a direct election process, but as they researched the outcome of such a system, the repercussions and consequences outweighed the chance to be a true democracy. Even so in 2000, the Electoral College has seen action for 200 years, and it will continue standing in lieu of public scrutiny, and even dimpled chads. Works Cited Census.gov. Visited Dec 5. http://www.census.gov/. Ferrand, Max, ed., Records of the Federal Convention. New Haven, 1911. 2:584 Findlaw.com. Visited Dec 6. http://www.findlaw.com/ James Madison to Henry Lee. 14 Jan. 1825, Records, ed. by Max Ferrand, 3:464. Kuroda, Tadahisa. The Origins of the Twelfth Amendment. Greenwood. 1994. Wood, Gordon. Creation of the American Republic 1776-1787. Chapel Hill 1969.

Compare Bronfenbrenner and Erikson Essay

Lifespan Developments Theories offer explanations of how the individual changes and develops throughout their lifetime. While this objective is constant, the focus of these theories vary. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory adopts an intrapersonal focus, outlining nine age related stages of the life cycle while Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Stage Theory focuses on five socio-cultural stages within which the individual interacts, interpersonally, over time. This essay will focus on both these theories, their implications in the world of adult education, particularly from the perspective of experience within two South Kerry Adult Education Centres and finally the areas where these theories may concur and contrast. Erik Erikson was a Neo-Freudian Psychologist who developed a lifespan theory identifying eight stages of psychosocial human development. As Erikson and his wife, Joan, entered their eightieth decade, they discovered a ninth stage. Joan Erikson completed work on this stage from notes made by her husband before he died and from her own observations. In fact, Erik and Joan Erikson were co-collaborators throughout their years together as evidenced in the following statement, ‘To restate the sequence of psychosocial stages throughout life means to take responsibility for the terms Joan Erikson and I have originally attached to them’(Erikson E.H. cited Erikson E.H. & Erikson J. 1997,p.55). Also, while recounting a trip to Los Angeles where Erik Erikson had been invited to present ‘the stages’ to a group of Psychologists and Psychiatrists, Joan Erikson tells of her uneasiness while they discussed the presentation. At this stage, there were seven stages in their model. ‘In a shocking moment of clarity I saw what was wrong’ (Erikson E.H & Erikson J. 1997 p.3). She had spotted that ‘ We’ were missing and subsequently, they added an eighth stage entitled ‘Generativity vs. Stagnation’. This significant contribution was made by Joan Erikson on the trip to the train station ‘where Erik could catch the Los Angeles train, and then for me to hurry back to home and the children’ (Erikson E.H.& Erikson J. 1997, p.2). Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory holds that personality develops through nine stages across the entire lifespan. ‘Personality can be said to develop according to steps predetermined in the human organism’s readiness to be driven forward, to be aware of and to interact with a widening social radius’ (Erikson 1959 cited Tennant M. 1997 p.33). Each of these stages involves challenges and conflicts which, if successfully resolved, allow the  individual to develop a strength, or virtue which they bring with them into the following stage. If unsuccessfully resolved, the individual proceeds into the next stage not only without this strength but with a corresponding negative element which is likely to impede their progressive de velopment. Erikson refers to these strengths as ‘syntonic elements’ and the negative elements as ‘dystonic elements’. For example, at ‘infancy’ the first stage, age 0-1 years, the conflict or challenge experienced by the individual is ’trust vs. mistrust’. The syntonic element that might result is ‘hope’, the dystonic element is ‘withdrawal’. Erikson explains ‘vs.’ as standing for ‘versus’ and ‘yet also, in the light of their complementarity, for something like â€Å"visa versa†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. (Erikson E.H. & Erikson J. 1997, p.55). Erikson does not hold that that an individual’s resolved state should lay at the end of the continuum. ‘’The child also needs to develop some healthy mistrust, such as learning to discriminate between dangerous and safe situations’ (Bee & Boyd 2003, p.258). It is only in experiencing and understanding these opposites such as trust and mistrust that we can develop the relevant strength. At each of these age related stages, the individual is in communication and conflict with a significant psychosocial relationship. Again, for example, at the first stage, Erikson states that this relationship is with the mother. Others are s een in the following chart: Erikson’s psychosocial crisis stages (syntonic v dystonic) Freudian psycho- sexual stages life stage / relationships / issues basic virtue and second named strength (potential positive outcomes from each crisis) maladaptation / malignancy(potential negative outcome – one or the other – from unhelpful experience during each crisis) 1. Trust v Mistrust Oral infant / mother / feeding and being comforted, teething, sleeping Hope and Drive Sensory Distortion / Withdrawal 2. Autonomy v Shame & Doubt Anal toddler / parents / bodily functions, toilet training, muscular control, walking Willpower and Self-Control Impulsivity / Compulsion 3. Initiative v Guilt Phallic preschool / family / exploration and discovery, adventure and play Purpose and Direction Ruthlessness / Inhibition 4. Industry v Inferiority Latency schoolchild / school, teachers, friends, neighbourhood /achievement and accomplishment Competence and Method Narrow Virtuosity / Inertia 5. Identity v Role Confusion Puberty and Genitality adolescent / peers, groups, influences / resolving identity and direction, becoming a grown-up Fidelity and Devotion Fanaticism / Repudiation 6. Intimacy v Isolation (Genitality) young adult / lovers, friends, work connections / intimate relationships, work and social life Love and Affiliation Promiscuity / Exclusivity 7. Generativity v Stagnation n/a mid-adult / children, community / ‘giving back’, helping, contributing Care and Production Overextension / Rejectivity 8. Integrity v Despair n/a late adult / society, the world, life / meaning and purpose, life achievements Wisdom and Renunciation Presumption / Disdain http://www.businessballs.com/erik_erikson_psychosocial_theory.htm Joan Erikson, reviewing their lifecycle theory (while adding the ninth stage),  notes that the syntonic element is always mentioned first, before the dystonic. Stating that it should be noted that often ‘circumstances may place the dystonic in a more dominant position’ (Erikson E.H. & Erikson J. 1997 p. 106). She continues that old age is ‘such a circumstance’. For this reason, in her account of the ninth stage she places the dystonic first i.e. ‘Despair and Disgust vs. Integrity: Wisdom’ (Erikson E.H. & Erikson J. 1997, p.106) and recounts a revisiting of all the stages, this time with different virtues emerging (see chart below), ideally culminating in a state of ‘gerotranscendence’. Lars Tornstam defines gerotranscendence as a shift in perspective ‘from a materialistic and rational vision to a more cosmic and transcendence one, normally followed by an incre ase in life satisfaction’ (Tornstam cited Erikson E.H. & Erikson J. 1997, p.123). www.intropsych.com Erikson’s theory highlights the need to provide age appropriate activities for the students. Also, within the field of Youthreach and VTOS programmes, particular attention might be given to stimulating identity exploration in adolescents. For example, within the Fetac Personal and Interpersonal Skills Module, helping the student explore their strengths, aptitudes, learning styles, personality types and through communication with outside agencies, encourage career exploration. Early school leavers, as is evident in one South Kerry Youthreach programme, often have experienced social and educational deprivation and as such are vulnerable to unemployment, depression and the growing number of suicides are always a concern. Very often, a single parent is the sole guardian and this parent is female, as are the majority of teachers and social workers. Positive role models, with whom the young person can identify, have been shown to help in promoting health care in young people. Ã¢â‚¬Ë œLocal role models and peers can also play an important role in actively promoting projects, and have the capacity to allay fears or embarrassment that some young men might feel about getting involved’ (Richardson N, Clarke N. & Fowler C. 2013, p.111). Education centres can organise support from such positive role models. Regarding Erikson’s stage of Young Adulthood, Education Centres provide a social setting where people can meet, communicate and escape the isolation that  often results from unemployment. Adult education provides an opportunity for ‘a kind of self- generation concerned with further identity development’. (Erikson 1998 p.67) Apparent to those involved in this field is the manifestation of ‘care’ and respect that the adult has for their new learning, a virtue sadly missing from the reluctant schoolchild of their yesteryears. As retirement age is forced forward and healthcare education promises longer active lives, there is no reason why adult education should not be available to people into their nineties. What better way to synthesise integrity and despair than using ones wisdom, sharing with others while learning new things. ‘Despair expresses the feeling that time is now s hort, too short for the attempt to start another life and try out alternate roads†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Erikson 1963 cited Erikson E.H.& Erikson J.M. 1997 p.113) Adult education might just offer an ‘alternate road’. Tutors might also integrate older people in the community to come in to the centres to contribute their knowledge. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory is the scientific study of the development of the individual person as they experience the bi-directional influences encountered within the various environments throughout their lifespan. ‘Intelligence and emotion’ have been named as mediators for this development and ‘identity and competence’ has been described as the ‘outcomes’. (Garbarino and Abramowitz, 1992 cited Graham A. 2013, p.32). Two types of risks to positive change are identified. These are ‘direct threats and the absence of opportunities’. (Garbarino and Abramowitz, 1992 cited Graham A. 2013, p.32). These risks can be biological or socio-cultural. There is interplay between these two sources and deficits in one source may be compensated by richness in the other. Bronfenbrenner categorised the environment ‘as a nested arrangement of structures, each contained within the next’. (Bronfenbrenner 1977, p.514 ). Adapting terminology from Brim (1975) Bronfenbrenner names these structures as microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems, macrosystems and chronosystems. Bronfenbrenners Ecological Theory of Development (http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/dl/free/0073378585/660384/san78585_c03_0 72_11) A Microsystem is ‘the complex of relations between the developing person and environment in an immediate setting containing that person’ (Bronfenbrenner 1977, p.514). This includes family, friends, neighbours, school and work. The individual’s development is affected by the beliefs, attitudes, temperament and personality of the various people within these settings, but the individual, according to Bronfenbrenner, is not a ‘passive recipient’ but is ‘ someone who helps construct the settings’. (Bronfenbrenner 1977 cited Graham A. 22013, p. 33). The mesosystem ‘comprises the interrelations among major settings containing the developing person at a particular point in his or her life’. (Bronfennbrenner U.1977,p.515). The better interconnected the microsystems, the more consistent the individual’s development is likely to be. The exosystem is an influence system which contain both formal and informal structures ‘which impinge on or encompass the settings in which the developing person in found’ (Sugarman L.1993, p.11). The exosystem is an extension of the mesosystems. This refers to a collection of settings in which the individual does not directly interact but which affect him or her nonetheless. This would include the government, medical system, labour market, mass media and the neighbourhood. Macrosystems, the fourth of Bronfenbrenner’s layers of influence, involves the culture within which the individual lives ‘carried often unwittingly in the minds of the society’s members as ideology made manifest through customs and practice in everyday life’ (Bronfenbrenner U. 1977 p.515). The influence of these customs and beliefs cascade down through all the other systems. The Chronosystem was later added by Bronfenbrenner and is described as a research model that ‘makes possible examining the influence on the person’s development of changes (and continuities) over time in the environments in which the person is living’ (Bronfenbrenner U. 1986a p.724). These changes are sociohistorical and are considered as occurring within the individual and also within the environment. Changes can be ‘normative’ (school, new relationships, getting a job, giving birth) or ‘non-normative’ (divorce, illness, death). In the further education setting, Bronfenbrenner’s theory is useful in  implying the benefits of helping offset risks that may apply to the student, such un-nurturing home environment, poor interpersonal relationships, violence and the absence of opportunities experienced such as lack of education to date, limited skills, poor job opportunities and lack of self- awareness. Creating experiences where the students can develop intellectually and emotionally through the academic programme as well as teamwork, outings, reflective practice and empathy building. Bronfenbrenner stresses the value of the interconnectedness of the microsystems. Within a South Kerry Youthreach programme there is typically very poor connectedness between the education centre, the families and the communities. Open days often have few or no parents attending with perhaps just a few professionals such as guards, social workers and other education officers turning up to appreciate the work on display. Also anecdotal evidence shows very poor awareness of the programme in the community. This centre is working hard at increasing community awareness and mutual rapport by involving students in local charity events, community art exhibitions and development of a work experience programme. Many second chance education students are angry and aware that they have in some way been failed by structures such as government, medical system, labour market, media and the neighbourhood. Awareness of the ‘systems’ can be poor and many adult students lack the confidence and basic literacy skills to investigate and negotiate these systems. ‘The â€Å"dialogue man† is critical and knows that although it is within the power of men to create and transform in a concrete situation of alienation men may be impaired in the use of that power’ (Friere P. 1975 p.63). Modules such as Communications, SPHE, Personal Effectiveness and Personal and Interpersonal Skills should perhaps be regarded as a means of increasing this sense of efficacy and knowledge of the â €˜exosystem’. Also inviting people who hold power within these systems to come in to centres to talk to the students may help break down barriers and increase awareness. Cultural influences affect how we think, feel and act. In one South Kerry Youthreach centre unconscious belief systems are apparent in casual racist comments and career aspirations (childcare and hairdressing for girls, construction and mechanics for boys) or in some cases, no aspirations of employment at all in keeping with family history. A more privileged young person might perceive good group participation as a positive aspiration.  However, in one South Kerry Youthreach programme it is reported that during initial interviews, prospective students, when asked how they might ‘get on’ in a group situation tend to perceive this question as ‘are you a trouble-maker?’ and answer that they intend to ignore everyone in the group and just mind their own business believing this to be the ‘correct’ answer. The work of educators here might entail helping to create positive group experience and also help to open doors that might enrich the individualà ¢â‚¬â„¢s life, create an atmosphere of curiosity and questioning of beliefs, values and culture and introduce positive and varied role models. Overtime, many changes effect the development of the individual. This time factor may be within a lifetime, or spanning decades. Often it is a non-normative change such as marital breakdown, redundancy or recovery from illness that forces a re-evaluation and brings a person back to education. Helping the individual cope with change by creating opportunities for new identities and competencies is the work required here. Erikson and Bronfenbrenner, both psychologists, have examined the development of the individual over their lifespan. Although Erickson organises his theory in terms of age related stages, and Bronfenbrenner in systems, neither theorist attempts to explain change and development in terms of age only. All life stage theorists look at the processes that bring about these changes and as Sugarman points out ‘’What we can say about change is determined by our research design – that is, what we choose to measure, how and why’. (Sugarman L. 1986, p.13). Erikson’s research design studies intrapersonal changes in the individual and explains that these changes occur within particular chronological age groupings, within particular social settings as a result of the resolution of tensions experienced. However, Bronfenbrenner on the other hand takes a wider socio-cultural view and has researched the changes occurring in the individual within the many ‘settin gs’, within the many systems in which the individual interacts. He categorised the environment as as consisting of ‘interrelated and nested structures’ (Jordan A., Carlisle O., & Stack A, 2008, p.82). Unlike Erikson, Bonfenbrenner has been criticised for paying too little attention to biological and cognitive factors although he expanded his theory to a bioecological theory later on. Erikson represents the individual’s  development as ‘ordered’ and linear whereas Bronfenbrenner’s perspective is one of ‘random’ and multidirectional development. It would, however, be unfair to suggest that Erikson did not take account of the various social and cultural influences that Bronfenbrenner focused on, hence his ‘Psychosocial Theory’ . Joan Erikson states that her husband always held that ‘the individual and society are intricately woven’ (Erikson E.H. & Erikson J, 1997, p.114). He attributes psychosocial manifestations to each of his stages and also describes the processes and experiences of the ‘soma’, the ‘psyche’ and the ‘ethos’. (Erikson E.H. & Erikson J, 1997, p.25). However, he has not ‘explicated this aspect of his theory as fully as he did the stages of individual development’. (Sugarman L. 1986 p.84). Erikson defines these social influences quite precisely as the individual’s ‘radius of significant relations’ whereas Bronfenbrenners theory allows for a more individually tailored, contextual approach. Both Erikson and Bronfenbrenner were active into their eightieth decade and remained engaged in critical reflection of their work. Erikson worked on the blueprint for his ninth stage and in 1994, Uri Bronfenbrenner renamed his theory â€Å"bioecological systems theory† to emphasize that a ‘child’s own biology is a primary environment fuelling her developmentâ₠¬â„¢(http://www.cmskids.com/providers/early_steps/training/documents/bronfenbrenners_ecological.pdf.) While Erikson’s writing is artistic and literary, Bronfenbrenner’s is scientific and at times political. Bronfenbrenner advocated experimentation in a ‘real’ setting as opposed to the traditional laboratory approach, although he did not dispense with the latter as being of use and alludes to ‘the as yet unexploited power of the laboratory as an ecological contrast’. (Bronfenbrenner 1977, p.514) At the centre of both these theories is the individual. These are not opposing theories but two perspectives in search of a similar understanding. Bronfenbrenner himself make this clear ‘A variety of approaches are needed if we are to make progress toward the ultimate goal of understanding human development in context’ (Bronfenbrenner 1977 p.529). Bibliography Bee H., & Boyd D. ( 2003). The Developing Child, 10th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Bronfenbrenner U. (1977). Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development [Electronic version]. American Psychologist, 32, 513-531. Bronfenbrenner U. (1986). Ecology of the Family as a Context for Human Development: Research Perspectives {Electronic version]. Developmental Psychology, 22, 723-742. Erikson E.H. (1950). Childhood and Society. Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd. Erikson E.H., & Erikson J.M. (1997). The Life Cycle Completed, extended version. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. Friere P. (1975). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd. Graham A. (2012). Psychology of Adult Learning, WIT, 26th March, 2012, Tralee Jordan A., Carlile O., & Stack A. (2008). Approaches to Learning: a Guide for Teachers. Berkshire: Open University Press. Richardson N., Clarke N., & Fowler C. (2013). A Report on the All-Ireland Young Men and Suicide Project. Ireland: Men’s Health Forum in Ireland. Sugarman L. (1986). Life-Span Development: Concepts, Theories and Interventions. London: Routledge. Tennant M. (1997). Psychology & Adult Learning. London: Routledge. Module: Psychology of Adult Learning Level 6 Title: Compare and contrast Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development with Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological model of Development

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